Saute the garlic and spices. Heat the olive oil in a large dutch oven over medium heat. Once the oil is hot, add the sliced garlic, dried basil, dried oregano, and Calabrian chile paste and cook for 1-2 minutes, stirring often, until very fragrant.
Cook the ground turkey. Add in the ground turkey and use a wooden spoon to finely mince it as it cooks. Stir in the tomato paste and diced onion and cook for 4-5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the tomato paste is well distributed and the onion is soft.
Simmer the sauce. Stir in the crushed tomatoes, tomato puree or passata, sugar, and milk and bring to a simmer. Stir in the chopped basil leaves and some salt and pepper and cover the pot. Reduce the heat to medium-low and simmer for 30 minutes, covered.
Cook the pasta. While the sauce simmers, bring a pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Cook your pasta to just shy of al dente and reserve 1/2 cup of starchy pasta water. Drain your pasta and add it to the sauce with the pasta water. Let the pasta simmer in the sauce for 3-4 minutes, stirring occasionally. Season to taste with salt and pepper and serve right away.